Norwegian and Slovak also use the Latin alphabet, or the same set of symbols, but Norwegian includes three vowels not used in English (å, æ, ø) and Slovak uses a series of accent marks to indicate how a letter is spoken (for example, ó or š), resulting in the use of 46 symbols to represent the spoken language. For example, English uses the Latin alphabet, and 26 symbols, or letters, to represent the spoken language. There are several different alphabets that are used to create written languages. We will then learn about the brain regions involved in reading.įirst, let us talk about alphabetic orthographies. Then, we will use these characteristics to help understand how different writing systems affect the process of reading. In this article, we will first learn about the characteristics of different orthographies. Each orthography can be classified as alphabetic, such as English, or non-alphabetic, such as Chinese. In non-alphabetic orthographies, such as Chinese or Cherokee, the symbol represents a larger sound unit such as a syllable (e.g., such as “ pro” in the word “ project”). For example, in alphabetic orthographies, such as English, Spanish, and Russian, each symbol represents an individual sound called a phoneme (e.g., the/b/sound in “ book” is one phoneme). However, orthographies differ in the size of the sound unit that is represented by each symbol. You are looking at one type of orthography now, as you read this! So, an orthography consists of the symbols used to turn a spoken language into a written form. The world’s languages are represented by a variety of writing systems called “orthographies.” Orthographies are the symbols used to represent spoken language. There are at least 6,000 languages spoken in the world today.
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